Working principle of oil well pump
Nov 24,2025
Under the drive of the pumping unit, the oil pump changes the pressure state inside the pump barrel through the reciprocating motion of the plunger, combined with the alternating opening and closing of two one-way valves (suction valve and discharge valve), to achieve the suction and discharge of liquid. The specific process is as follows:
Upstroke: The plunger moves upward, the volume inside the pump increases, the pressure decreases, the discharge valve closes, the suction valve opens, and the liquid in the well enters the pump barrel under the sinking pressure.
Downstroke: The plunger moves downward, causing the volume inside the pump barrel to decrease and the pressure to increase. The suction valve closes and the discharge valve opens, and the liquid inside the pump barrel enters the oil pipe at the top of the plunger through the discharge valve. This reciprocating motion lifts the liquid in the well to the surface.
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